Sleep disorder breathing ( SDB) is common form of obstructive sleep apnea . Obstructive sleep apnea is a form of sleep disorder that is accompanied by cessation of breathing for 10 seconds . Sleep Apnea is the cessation of breathing during sleep more than 10 seconds due to the closing of the respiratory tract caused by the fall of the tongue and relaxation of muscles and soft tissues of the respiratory tract
There are two kinds of breathing disorders during sleep , namely : Hypoapnea and Apnea . Hypoapnea is a narrowing of the respiratory tract of 50% -80% for more than 10 seconds and a decline in oxygen saturation > 3%. While sleep apnea is a narrowing the respiratory tract > 80% for more than 10 seconds and a decline in oxygen saturation > 3%.
Sleep Apnea is divided into two , namely :
1. Obstructive sleep apnea ( OSA) is a type of sleep apnea is most common . Occurs when the airway is closed but there is effort to breathe . This is caused by the relaxation of the upper airway muscles , a decrease in soft tissue ( tonsila palatine ) and the fall of the tongue because of the influence of gravity .
2. Central sleep apnea is central sleep apnea ( CSA) occurs in 5-10 % of the population of people with apnea . Occurs when breathing stops and there is no effort to breathe . CSA associated with disturbances in the brain . Closing of the upper respiratory tract of more than 10 seconds
Children who have OSA have signs or symptoms such as :
1. Excessive sleepiness during the day
2. Weight loss or weight gain increased very little.
3. Breathing through the mouth .
4. Enlarged palatine tonsila .
5. Sleep disorders and sleep is not restful .
6. Cognitive and behavioral disorders during the day , such as poor concentration , aggressive and hyperactive
How to handle ?
A doctor will identify the causes of sleep apnea . When the cause is being overweight or because of an enlarged tonsils , your doctor will handle the main cause first.
Basically, in preventing and overcoming Obstructive sleep apnea ( OSA) there are two therapeutic principles , namely :
Non - surgical therapy by:
a. reduce weight if obese . weight loss will improve the efficiency of sleep , reducing snoring , improve airway dimensions , and improve oxygenation
b. Avoiding drugs that are sedative - hypnotics
c. Avoiding the supine position during sleep . Sleep on your back aggravate the symptoms , nothing happens even stopping breathing when sleeping in the supine position . advisable to sleep on his side or stomach .
Medical and surgical therapy
a. Efforts to increase or expand the airway that are not easily collapse by using a positive air pressure such as the use of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ( CPAP), which is applied through a nasal mask.
b. Surgical therapy can be done such as removal of polyps , if nasal obstruction due to polyps , adenoid removal surgery and several measures aimed at widen the airway.
In doing this medical therapy should be based on the recommendation of a physician specialist who will assist in diagnosis and treatment according to the causes of obstructive sleep apnea ( OSA).
